Results

Main results of the trial showed, that after two years cognitive performance in the intervention group was better, and their risk for cognitive decline was lower after two years.

Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, Levälahti E, Ahtiluoto S, Antikainen R, Bäckman L, Hänninen T, Jula A,  Laatikainen T, Lindström J, Mangialasche F, Paajanen T, Pajala S, Peltonen M, Rauramaa R, Stigsdotter-Neely A, Strandberg T, Tuomilehto J, Soininen H, Kivipelto M. A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015;385:2255–2263

Difference between the groups was evident in all studied cognitive domains: executive function, processing speed, and complex memory tasks. The study also showed that genetic risk for dementia (Solomon A, Turunen H, Ngandu T, Peltonen M, Levälahti E, Helisalmi S, Antikainen R,  Bäckman L, Hänninen T, Jula A, Laatikainen T, Lehtisalo J, Lindström J, Paajanen T,  Pajala S, Stigsdotter-Neely A, Strandberg T, Tuomilehto J, Soininen H, Kivipelto M. Effect of the Apolipoprotein E Genotype on Cognitive Change During a Multidomain Lifestyle Intervention: A Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 2018;75:462-470.linkki Solomon et al)

or baseline risk factors, eg.  hypertension, cholesterol, or obesity, did not effect the benefit of the lifestyle intervention. (Rosenberg A, Ngandu T, Rusanen M, Antikainen R, Bäckman L, Havulinna S, Hänninen T, Laatikainen T, Lehtisalo J, Levälahti E, Lindström J, Paajanen T, Peltonen M, Soininen H, Stigsdotter-Neely A, Strandberg T, Tuomilehto J, Solomon A, Kivipelto M. Multidomain lifestyle intervention benefits a large elderly population at risk for cognitive decline and dementia regardless of baseline characteristics: the FINGER trial. Alzheimers Dement 2018;14:263-270).

In addition to cognitive performance, intervention also was effective in maintaining physical functioning (Kulmala J, Ngandu T, Havulinna S, Levälahti E, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, Antikainen R, Laatikainen T, Pippola P, Peltonen M, Rauramaa R, Soininen H, Strandberg T, Tuomilehto J, Kivipelto M. The effect of multidomain lifestyle intervention on daily functioning in older people. J Am Ger Soc 2019;67:1138-1144),

and health-related quality of life (Strandberg TE, Levälahti E, Ngandu T, Solomon A, M Kivipelto, FINGER Study Group*. Health-Related Quality of Life in a Multidomain Intervention Trial to Prevent Cognitive Decline (FINGER). Eur Ger Med 2017;8:164–167) 

and resulted in less new chronic diseases. (Marengoni A, Rizzuto D, Fratiglioni L, Antikainen R, Laatikainen T, Lehtisalo J, Peltonen M, Soininen H, Strandberg T, Tuomilehto J, Kivipelto M, Ngandu T. The effect of a 2-year intervention consisting of diet, physical exercise, cognitive training, and monitoring of vascular risk on chronic morbidity—the FINGER randomised controlled trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2018;19:355-360).