Assisted Fertility Treatments

Relevance of statistical data

The statistics on assisted fertility treatments, compiled by the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), contain data on in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatments, intracytoplasmic sperm injections (ICSI) and related frozen embryo transfers (FETs) as well as intrauterine inseminations (IUIs). The statistical report presents data on the numbers and results of treatments on an annual basis. The statistical report includes preliminary data on treatments in the previous year and data on the number of treatments and their outcomes in the year preceding that.

Data on IVF, ICSI and FET treatments have been collected since 1992. Data has been collected separately on oocyte donations (since 1996), sperm and embryo donations and surrogacy (since 2001), as well as on insemination treatments (since 2006). Data on embryo diagnostics, oocyte freezing and oocyte thawing have been collected since 2017. The statistics also provide information on the number of clinics providing treatments, treatment outcomes and the number of births per type of assisted fertility treatment.

The data are given at the national level, with no clinic-specific data published. Data are collected for THL in table form; no personal data is collected on persons receiving treatment.

The statistics are particularly intended for health care professionals, researchers, administrators and planning officials working in the area of reproductive health.

The data collection was started on the initiative of the clinics providing assisted fertility treatments, and the data disclosure was voluntary until 2005. In accordance with the Decree issued under section 26 of the Act on Assisted Fertility Treatments (1237/2006), which entered into force on 1 September 2007, clinics giving assisted fertility treatments have a statutory duty to provide THL with statistical data. The clinics must provide THL with information about their assisted fertility treatment activities for the purposes of monitoring and statistics (the Act on Assisted Fertility Treatments 1237/2006 and the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health Decree on Assisted Fertility Treatments 811/2009).

The Act on Assisted Fertility Treatments (1237/2006), the Decree on Assisted Fertility Treatments (811/2009) and Act of the Medical Use of Human Organs and Tissues (101/2001) regulate the use of gametes and embryos. According to the Act on Assisted Fertility Treatments, a person whose birth has resulted from assisted fertility treatments where donated gametes have been used, has a right to know the identity of the donor when the child turns 18 years and anonymous donation is not allowed. In accordance with the legislation, no surrogacy treatments have been performed since 2007.

Assisted fertility treatments given in the public sector are also guided by e.g. Uniform principles of non-urgent care published by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health (from 2019, update underway in May 2024). 

The reimbursements of assisted fertility treatments by Kela (Social Insurance Institu-tion of Finland), on the other hand, especially affects treatments in the private sector (reimbursements of procedures ended on 31 December 2022). The current govern-ment of prime minister Orpo has decided to return the reimbursement of assisted fertility treatments and to increase the compensation level from 1.1.2025 onwards.

Description of methods

The statistics on assisted fertility treatments are compiled annually from all private and public sector clinics in Finland that provide assisted fertility treatments. The statistics are based on a population of all assisted fertility treatments performed in Finland. Assisted fertility treatments received by Finnish women abroad are not included in the statistics.

Only aggregate-level data are collected concerning these treatments. The clinic performing the treatment is responsible for reporting. If hormone therapy associated with assisted fertility treatment is initiated at one clinic, while the transfer is performed on another clinic, the reporting responsibility lies with the clinic performing the transfer.

The data is collected from the clinics that provide treatment using an international data collection form. Before reporting, the data are checked and any unclear data are ascertained by contacting the reporting clinic. Anonymous case reports are collected on congenital anomalies and serious diseases of the mother or the newborn infant.

Data are collected by using an electronic form.

Correctness and accuracy of data

The data are based on figures reported by the clinics providing treatments. Estimates made on the basis of preliminary statistics on the previous year’s treatments have been found to be very close to the real figures. The total number of assisted fertility treatments was 1.9 per cent more in the final 2022 statistics than in the preliminary statistics reported a year earlier.

Preliminary data are collected only on the total number of started treatment cycles (separately for non-donor gametes and donor gametes) as well as on the number of single-embryo transfers of all treatments.

Any inaccuracies identified in the statistics are corrected annually. This also applies to data from earlier years.

Timeliness and promptness of published data

The statistics on assisted fertility treatments are produced annually by THL. The statistical report is published in May-June.

The statistics are concerned with treatments given two statistical years earlier (2022) and with preliminary data on the previous year’s treatments (2023). The lag in the data collection is due to the fact that data cannot be collected until the outcomes of all treatments are known: the last children resulting from treatments performed in 2023 are born as late as the autumn of the year following the treatment. It should also be noted that, in this statistical report, the statistical years given in the tables on births refer to the year of fertilisation, not to the year of birth as in THL's Medical Birth Register.

Availability and transparency/clarity of data

In addition to being published online, the statistics are sent to the clinics providing assisted fertility treatments.
Homepage of the statistical report

The clinics and the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) are also provided with more detailed, nationwide statistical data.

Comparability of statistical data

The Finnish statistics on assisted fertility treatments begin from the statistical year 1992. In 1992–1993, the data were collected by the IVF clinic at Helsinki University Hospital. Since 1994, the data collection has been THL’s (previously STAKES) responsibility. With the introduction of new methods of treatment, the data collection has been extended accordingly. More detailed information on factors affecting the interpretation of the statistical data is given separately for each table. The concepts and definitions related to assisted fertility treatments have not changed.

The follow-up data on six pregnancies could not be obtained from one of the clinics and the data for one clinic are missing from the statistics for 2001–2002.

The data collection was revised in 2019 (data on 2017 and preliminary data 2018). The data content was expanded and is subsequently not totally compatible with earlier statistics. The data content includes new treatments methods from 2017 onwards embryo diagnostics, oocyte freezing and oocyte thawing). Even though the definitions of IVF, ICSI and FET treatments did not change in 2019, it is possible that some fertility clinics have included the methods now added as separate methods, in the number of IVF, ICSI or FET treatments in earlier years.

It seems that there are slight inaccuracies in the data for 2017 and the reported number of treatments might be slightly smaller than in reality. The problems with the data quality have been resolved in the 2018 data, but the possible quality issues for 2017 data have to be taken into account in the time series even in the future.

In 2020, the number of assisted fertility treatments was in particularly affected by the corona epidemic: the majority of clinics in Finland stopped providing treatments in March 2020. As a rule, the treatments were continued later in the spring or summer of 2020.

Clarity and consistency

The data on assisted fertility treatments are nationwide. The numbers given in the preliminary statistics for the previous year relatively accurately reflect the final annual statistics.

Special issues concerning the 2022–2023 statistics

The statistics concern treatments performed in 2022 and preliminary numbers of treatments in 2023. The lag in the data collection is due to the fact that data cannot be collected until the results of all treatments are known: the last infants resulting from treatments performed in 2023 are born as late as the autumn of 2024. 

All clinics giving assisted fertility treatments that operated in Finland in 2022–2023 are included in the statistics.