Prevention of memory disorders

A large body of observational research and promising results of new intervention trials suggest that it may be possible to prevent or at least postpone the onset of memory disorders by modifying risk and protective factors for cognitive decline. Studies from some countries have shown that development of new dementia cases has not increased as much as would have been expected based on aging of the population. Better education, lifestyle changes and better control of vascular risk factors have been suggested as an explanation to this development. Recent estimates suggest modifiable risk factors to account for around 40% of worldwide dementia.

There is still paucity of experimental studies that are testing the effect of lifestyle changes for cognitive function. It seems that studies targeting many lifestyles or risk factors simultaneously may be needed to have an effect on cognitive function or dementia risk in older age.

The Finnish FINGER study coordinated at the THL was globally the first study showing beneficial effect of a lifestyle intervention program over two years. The program included nutritional counselling, physical activity, cognitive training and control of vascular and metabolic risk factors. 

FINGER study

The FINGER model is now being replicated in several countries – including populations from a variety of geographical and cultural backgrounds. This worldwide effort is collectively referred to as The World Wide FINGERS (WW-FINGERS).

WW-FINGERS network

The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared dementia prevention as a global priority. WHO launched the first global Dementia Risk Reduction Guidelines in 2019, based on evidence from clinical trials. The goal of these guidelines is to enhance awareness of possibilities to reduce dementia risk and promote evidence-based activities to prevent memory disorders worldwide. The guidelines highlight the importance of close connection between vascular and cognitive health, encourage especially increasing possibilities for physical activity, reducing smoking, and supporting healthy nutrition. In addition, social involvement and support should be emphasized throughout the life course.

Further information

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