Physical nicotine dependence
Nicotine is highly addictive. It enters the body through the respiratory system with smoke or aerosol, reaching the lungs, or is absorbed through the oral mucosa and quickly enters the bloodstream.
When the level of nicotine in the blood drops, withdrawal symptoms begin. Regular use of nicotine products gradually increases tolerance, and the amount used may increase. Feelings of pleasure and withdrawal symptoms maintain the dependence.
After quitting, withdrawal symptoms are usually at their strongest within a few days and often ease within a few weeks. The most severe symptoms typically pass within a few weeks.
Psychological and social dependence
Tobacco and nicotine products are often used to avoid or cope with stress and unpleasant emotions, but also to enhance positive experiences. Nicotine can have a calming or stimulating effect. Certain situations, such as breaks, waiting and coffee moments, often trigger cravings.
Habits and routines, such as hand movements and lighting a cigarette, can become ingrained in muscle memory and further reinforce the behaviour. The longer you have used tobacco and nicotine products, the stronger these routines become, which in turn strengthens psychological dependence.
The use of tobacco and nicotine products is often linked to social situations. Shared smoking breaks can create a sense of belonging, which can make quitting more difficult.