References

Design and methods of HPS (in alphabetical order)

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.

Andrews G, Pollock C, Stewart G. The determination of defense style by questionnaire. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46: 455-460.

Antonovsky A. The structure and properties of the sense of coherence scale. Soc Sci Med 1993; 36: 725-733.

Aromaa A, Heliövaara M, Impivaara O, Knekt P, Maatela J. Aims, methods and study population. Part 1. In: Aromaa A, Heliövaara M, Impivaara O, Knekt P, Maatela J, eds. The execution of the Mini-Finland Health Survey. [In Finnish, English summary]. Helsinki and Turku: Publications of the Social Insurance Institution, Finland, ML:88, 1989.

Azim HF, Piper WE, Segal PM, Nixon GW, Duncan SC. The Quality of Object Relations Scale. Bull Menninger Clin 1991; 55: 323-343.

Battle CC, Imber SD, Hoehn-Saric R, Nash ER, Frank JD. Target complaints as criteria of improvement. Am J Psychother 1966; 20: 184-192.

Beck AT. Depression. Causes and treatment. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1970.

Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961; 4: 561-571.

Benjamin LS. A clinician-friendly version of the interpersonal circumplex: structural analysis of social behavior (SASB). J Pers Assess 1996; 66: 248-266.

Blenkiron P. Who is suitable for cognitive behavioural therapy? J R Soc Med 1999; 92: 222-229.

Beutler LE, Malik M, Alimohamed S, et al. Therapist variables. In: Lambert MJ, ed. Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior change. 5 ed. New York: Wiley & Sons, 2004.

Bruss GS, Gruenberg AM, Goldstein RD, Barber JP. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale Interview guide: joint interview and test-retest methods for interrater reliability. Psychiatry Res 1994; 53: 191-202.

Chubon RA. Development of a quality-of-life rating scale for use in health-care evaluation. Eval Health Prof 1987; 10: 186-200.

Churchill R, Hunot V, Corney R, et al. A systematic review of controlled trials of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of brief psychological treatments for depression. Health Tech Assess 2001; 5(35).

Commenges D, Gégout-Petit A. A general dynamical statistical model with causal interpretation. J R Stat Soc B 2009; 71, Part 3: 719-736.

Cooper SE, Rowland DL, Esper JA. The relevance of family-of-origin and sexual assault experience to therapeutic outcomes with college students. Psychother: Theory Res Pract Train 2002; 39: 324-343.

Cox DR. Regression models and life tables (with discussion). J R Stat Soc B 1972; 34: 187-220.

Cuijpers P, van Straten A, Andersson G, van Oppen P. Psychotherapy for depression in adults: a meta-analysis of comparative outcome studies. J Consult Clin Psychol 2008; 76: 909-922.

De Maat S, Dekker J, Schoevers R, De Jonghe F. Relative efficacy of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depression: a meta-analysis. Psychother Res 2006; 16: 566-578.

De Maat S, De Jonghe F, Schoevers R, Dekker J. The effectiveness of long-term psychoanalytic therapy: a systematic review of empirical studies. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2009; 17: 1-23.

Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Covi L. SCL-90: an outpatient psychiatric rating scale--preliminary report. Psychopharmacol Bull 1973; 9: 13-28.

DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1986; 7: 177-188.

de Shazer S, Berg IK, Lipchik E, Nunnally E, Molnar A, Gingerich W, Weiner-Davis M. Brief therapy: Focused solution development. Fam Process 1986; 25: 207-221.

Drummond M, Schulper M, Torrance G, O'Brien B, Stoddart G. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press, 2005.

Eerola M, Gasbarra D, Mäkelä P, Linden H, Adreev A. Joint modeling of recurrent infections and antibody response by Bayesian data augmentation. Scand J Stat 2003; 30: 677-698.

Exner JE. The Rorschach: a comprehensive system. Volume 1: Basic foundations. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1993.

First MB, Gibbon M, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Benjamin LS. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). User's Guide. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1997.

First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID). New York: New York State Psychiatry Institute, Biometrics Research, 1995.

Fleiss JL. Statistical methods for rates and proportions. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1981.

Fonagy P. Psychotherapies: What works for whom? World Psychiatry 2009; 8, Suppl. 1: 3-4.

Gabbard GO. Long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy: a basic text. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2004.

Gelman A, Carlin JB, Stern HS, Rubin DB. Bayesian Data Analysis. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1995.

Graubard BI, Korn EL. Predictive margins with survey data. Biometrics 1999; 55: 652-659.

Greenson RR. The technique and practice of psychoanalysis. London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1985.

Hamilton M. The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psychol 1959; 32: 50-55.

Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960; 23: 56-61.

Hannula J, Lahtela K, Järvikoski A, Salminen JK, Mäkelä P. Occupational Functioning Scale (OFS) - An instrument for assessment of work ability in psychiatric disorders. Nord J Psychiatry 2006; 60: 3773-3787.

Holi M, Knekt P, Marttunen M, Rissanen H, Kaipainen M, Lindfors O. Queuing for psychotherapy and self-reported psychiatric symptoms. In: Holi M. Assessment of psychiatric symptoms using the SCL-90. Helsinki: Helsinki University Printing House, 2003.

Horowitz LM, Alden LE, Wiggins JS, Pincus AL. Inventory of the Interpersonal Problems. Manual. San Antonio, Texas: The Psychological Corporation, 2000.

Horvath AO, Greenberg LS. Development and validation of the Working Alliance Inventory. J Counsel Psychol 1989; 36: 223-233.

Horvath AO, Symonds BD. Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: a meta-analysis. J Counseling Psychol 1991; 38: 139-149.

Härkänen T, Knekt P, Virtala E, Lindfors O. A case study in comparing therapies involving informative drop-out, non-ignorable non-compliance and repeated measurements. Stat Med 2005; 24: 3773-3787.

Härkäpää K. Optimism, competence and coping mechanisms: concepts and practice from the point of view of rehabilitation [in Finnish]. Helsinki: Rehabilitation Foundation, Work reports 11, 1995.

Ilmarinen J, Tuomi K, Klockars M. Changes in the work ability of active employees over an 11-year period. Scand J Work Environ Health 1997; 23: 49-57.

Johnson LD, Miller SD. Modification of depression risk factors: A solution-focused approach. Psychother Theor Res Pract Train 1994; 31: 244-253.

Kazdin AE. Understanding how and why psychotherapy leads to change. Psychother Res 2009; 19: 418-428.

Kernberg OF. Severe personality disorders: psychotherapeutic strategies. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984.

Kernberg OF. A psychoanalytic theory of personality disorders. In: Clarkin JF, Lenzenweger MF (ed.). Major theories of personality disorder. New York, NY: The Guilford Press, 1996, 106-140.

Knekt P, Laaksonen MA, Härkänen T, Maljanen T, Heinonen E, Virtala E, Lindfors O. The Helsinki Psychotherapy Study: effectiveness, sufficiency, and suitability of short- and long-term psychotherapy. In: Levy R, Ablon JS, Kächele H (eds.). Psychodynamic psychotherapy research. Humana Press, 2012, 71-94.

Knekt P, Lindfors O, eds. A randomized trial of the effect of four forms of psychotherapy on depressive and anxiety disorders. Design, methods, and results on the effectiveness of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and solution-focused therapy during a one-year follow-up. Helsinki: The Social Insurance Institution, Studies in social security and health 77, 2004.

Knekt P, Ritz J, Pereira MA, O'Reilly EJ, Augustsson K, Fraser GE, Goldbourt U, Heitmann BL, Hallmans G, Liu S, Pietinen P, Spiegelman D, Stevens J, Virtamo J, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Ascherio A. Antioxidant vitamins and coronary heart disease risk: a pooled analysis of 9 cohorts. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80: 1508-1520.

Kurki M. Childhood family atmosphere as a predictor of psychotherapy outcome - comparison of short and long-term therapy. Helsinki: University of Helsinki; 2008 (licentiate thesis).

Laaksonen M, Härkänen T, Knekt P, Virtala E, Oja H. Estimation of population attributable fraction (PAF) for disease occurrence in a cohort study design. Stat Med 2010; 29: 860-874.

Laaksonen MA, Knekt P, Lindfors O, Aalberg V. Suitability for Psychotherapy Scale (SPS) and its reliability, validity and prediction. Br J Clin Psychol 2012; 51: 351-375.

Lambert MJ. Psychotherapy outcome research: Implications for integrative and eclectic therapist. In: Norcross JC, Goldried MR, eds. Handbook of psychotherapy integration. New York: Basic books, 1992; 94-129.

Lambert MJ, Barley DE. Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome. In: Norcross JC, ed. Psychotherapy relationships that work. Therapist contributions and responsiveness to patients. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002; 17-32.

Lee J. Covariance adjustment of rates based on the multiple logistic regression model. J Chronic Dis 1981; 34: 415-426.

Lehtinen V, Joukamaa M, Jyrkinen T, Lahtela K, Raitasalo R, Maatela J, Aromaa A. Mental Health and Mental Disorders in the Finnish Adult Population. [In Finnish, English summary]. Turku and Helsinki: Publications of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland AL: 33, 1991.

Leichsenring F, Hiller W, Weissberg M, Leibing E. Cognitive-behavioral therapyu and psychodynamic psychotherapy: techniques, efficacy, and indications. Am J Psychother 2006; 60: 233-259.

Leichsenring F, Rabung S. Effectiveness of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. A meta-analysis. JAMA 2008; 300: 1551-1565.

Liang K-Y, Zeger SL. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 1986; 73: 13-22.

Lunn DJ, Thomas A, Best N, Spiegelhalter D. WinBUGS -- a Bayesian modelling framework: concepts, structure, and extensibility. Statistics and Computing, 2000; 10: 325-337.

Malan DH. The frontier of brief psychotherapy: An example of the convergence of research and clinical practice. New York, NY: Plenum Medical Book, 1976.

Marttunen M, Välikoski M, Laaksonen MA, et al. Pretreatment clinical and psychosocial predictors of remission from depression after short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and solution-focused therapy - a 1-year follow-up study. Psychother Res 2008; 18: 191-199.

Migon HS, Gamerman D. Statistical inference: an integrated approach. London: Arnold, 1999.

Ogrodniczuk JS, Piper WE, Joyce AS, et al. Effect of patient gender on outcome in two forms of short-term individual psychotherapy. J Psychother Pract Res 2001; 10: 69-78.

Orlinsky D, Ambühl H, Ronnestad MH, Davis J, Gerin P, Davis M, Willutzki U, et al. Development of Psychotherapists: Concepts, questions, and methods of a collaborative international study. Psychother Res 1999; 9: 127-153.

Orlinsky DE, Ronnestad MH, Willutzki U. Fifty years of psychotherapy process-outcome research: continuity and change. In Lambert MJ (ed.) Bergin and Gardield's Handbook of psychotherapy and behaviour change, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2004, 307-389.

Peräkylä A, Antaki C, Vehviläinen S, Leudar I. Analysing Psychotherapy in Practice. In: Peräkylä A, Antaki C, Vehviläinen S, Leudar I (eds.). Conversation Analysis and Psychotherapy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008; 5-25.

Pirkola SP, Isometsä E, Suvisaari J, Aro H, Joukamaa M, Poikolainen K, Koskinen S, Aromaa A, Lönnqvist JK. DSM-IV mood-, anxiety- and alcohol use disorders and their comorbidity in the Finnish general population--results from the Health 2000 Study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2005; 40: 1-10.

Pruessner JC, Kirschbaum C, Meinlschmid G, Hellhammer DH. Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependent change. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; 28: 916-931.

Pylkkänen K, Pöllänen R, Upanne M. (ed.) Psykoterapia Suomessa [Psychotherapy in Finland]. Stakes Oppaita 29, 1995.

Roth A, Fonagy P. What works for whom. A critical review of psychotherapy research. 2nd ed. London: Guilford Press, 2005.

Rubin DB. Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1987.

SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT 9.2 User's Guide. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc, 2008.

Scheier MF, Carver CS. Optimism, coping, and health: assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health Psychol 1985; 4: 219-247.

Sifneos PE. Short-term anxiety provoking psychotherapy. In: Davanloo H, ed. Short-term dynamic psychotherapy. New York: Spectrum, 1978.

Sillanpää M, Andlin-Sobocki P, Lönnqvist J. Costs of brain disorders in Finland. Acta Neurol Scand 2008; 117: 167-172.

Smith CA, Dobbins CJ, Wallston KA. The mediational role of perceived competence in psychological adjustment to rheumatoid arthritis. J Appl Soc Psychol 1991; 21: 1218-1247.

Thomas A, O Hara B, Ligges U, Sturtz S.. Making BUGS Open. R News 2006; 6: 12-17.

Tuomi K, Ilmarinen J, Martikainen R, Aalto L, Klockars M. Aging, work, life-style and work ability among Finnish municipal workers in 1981-1992. Scand J Work Environ Health 1997; 23: 58-65.

Tuomi K, Ilmarinen J, Jahkola A, Katajarinne L, Tulkki A. Work Ability Index. 2nd revised ed. Helsinki: Publications of The Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, 1998.

Valbak K. Suitability for psychoanalytic psychotherapy: a review. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004; 109: 164-178.

Urist J. The Rorschach test and the assessment of object relations. J Pers Assess 1977; 41: 3-9.

Verbeke G, Molenberghs G. Linear mixed models in practice: an SAS-oriented approach. New York: Springer, 1997.

Valkonen H, Lindfors O, Laaksonen MA, Knekt P. Association between the Rorschach Ego Impairment Index (EII-2) and the Level of Personality Organization. Psychiatr Res 2012; 200: 849-856.

Valkonen J, Hänninen V, Lindfors O. Outcomes of psychotherapy from the perspective of the users. Psychotherapy Research 2011; 21:227-240.

Wallston KA. Perceived competence measure. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University, 1990.

Wechsler, D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R). New York: The Psychological Corporation, 1981.

Weissman MM, Bothwell S. Assessment of social adjustment by patient self-report. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976; 33: 1111-1115.

WHO. Cross-national comparisons of the prevalences and correlates of mental disorders. WHO International Consortium in Psychiatric Epidemiology. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 413-426.

Williams JB. A structured interview guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 742-747.

Winer BJ. Statistical principles in experimental design. 2nd ed. Tokyo: McGraw-Hill & Kogakusha, 1971.