Publications

Peer-reviewed publications based on the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study data

Publications in English

 

• Alanen E, Lindfors O. Measurement invariance as a basic assumption of method comparisons. Wiley StatsRef-Statistics Reference Online 2017.

• Alanne C, Heinonen E, Knekt P, Rissanen J, Virtala E, Lindfors O. Predicting improvement of work ability in modalities of short- and long-term psychotherapy: the differential impact of reflective ability and other aspects of patient suitability. J Clin Psych 2021, doi: 10.1002/jclp.23128 

• Hannula JA, Lahtela K, Järvikoski A, Salminen JK, Mäkelä P. Occupational Functioning Scale (OFS) - An instrument for assessment of work ability in psychiatric disorders. Nord J Psychiatry 2006; 60: 372-378.

• Heinonen, E., Knekt, P., & Lindfors, O. (2022). What Works for Whom: Patients' Psychological Resources and Vulnerabilities as Common and Specific Predictors of Working Alliance in Different Psychotherapies. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 13:848408. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.848408 

• Heinonen E, Heiskanen T, Lindfors O, Härkäpää K, Knekt P. Dispositional optimism as predictor of outcome in short- and long-term psychotherapy. Psychol Psychother. 2017; 90: 279-298.
• Heinonen E, Lindfors O, Laaksonen MA, Knekt P. Therapists' professional and personal characteristics as predictors of outcome in short- and long-term psychotherapy. J Affect Disord 2012; 138: 301-312.

• Heinonen E, Knekt P, Härkänen T, Virtala E, Lindfors O. Associations of early childhood adversities with mental disorders, psychological functioning, and suitability for psychotherapy in adulthood. Psychiatr Res 2018; 264: 366-373.

• Heinonen E, Knekt P, Härkänen T, Virtala E, Lindfors O. Childhood adversities as predictors of improvement in psychiatric symptoms and global functioning in solution-focused and short- and long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy during a 5-year follow-up. J Aff Disord 2018; 235: 525-534.

• Heinonen E, Knekt P, Jääskeläinen T, Lindfors O. Therapists' professional and personal characteristics as predictors of outcome in long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. Eur Psychiatry. 2014; 29: 265-274.

• Heinonen E, Lindfors O, Härkänen T, Virtala E, Jääskeläinen T, Knekt P. Therapists' professional and personal characteristics as predictors of working alliance in short-term and long-term psychotherapies. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2014; 21: 475-494.

• Heinonen E, Nissen-Lie H. The professional and personal characteristics of effective psychotherapists: a systematic review. Psychotherapy Research. 2019; 24:1-16. 

• Holi M, Knekt P, Marttunen M, Rissanen H, Kaipainen M, Lindfors O. Queuing for psychotherapy and self-reported psychiatric symptoms. In: Holi M. Assessment of psychiatric symptoms using the SCL-90. Helsinki: Helsinki University Printing House, 2003.

• Härkänen T, Knekt P, Virtala E, Lindfors O. A case study in comparing therapies involving informative drop-out, non-ignorable non-compliance and repeated measurements. Stat Med 2005; 24: 3773-3787.

• Härkänen T, Arjas E, Laaksonen MA, Lindfors O, Haukka J, Knekt P. Estimating efficacy in the presence of non-ignorable non-trial interventions in the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study. Stat Methods Med Res 2013 [Epub ahead of print].

• Härkänen T, Maljanen T, Lindfors O, Virtala E, Knekt P. Confounding and Missing Data in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Comparing different methods. Health Econ Rev 2013; 3: 8.

• Härkäpää K, Junttila O, Lindfors O, Järvikoski A. Changes in studying abilities as perceived by students attending psychotherapy. Br J Guid Counc 2014; 42: 166-180.

• Joutsenniemi K, Laaksonen MA, Knekt P, Haaramo P, Lindfors O. Prediction of the outcome of short- and long-term psychotherapy based on socio-demographic factors. J Affect Disord 2012; 141: 331-342. 

• Jyrä K, Knekt P, Lindfors O. The impact of psychotherapy treatments of different length and type on health behaviour during a five-year follow-up. Psychotherapy Research 2017; 27: 397-409.

• Knekt P, Grandell L, Sares-Jäske L, Lindfors O. Poor suitability for psychotherapy – a risk factor for treatment non-attendance? J Affective Disord 2021; 295: 1432-1439. 

• Knekt P, Heinonen E, Härkäpää K, Järvikoski A, Rissanen J, Lindfors, O. Randomized trial on the effectiveness of long- and short-term psychotherapy on psychosocial functioning and quality of life during a 5-year follow-up. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229: 381-388.

• Knekt P, Heinonen E, Lindfors O. Follow-up of the effectiveness of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis 5 years after the end of psychoanalysis:  Minor differences in psychiatric symptoms and work ability. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res 2018;30:163–166.

• Knekt P, Laaksonen MA, Härkänen T, Maljanen T, Heinonen E, Virtala E, Lindfors O. The Helsinki Psychotherapy Study: effectiveness, sufficiency, and suitability of short- and long-term psychotherapy. In: Levy RA, Ablon JS, Kächele H (eds.). Psychodynamic psychotherapy research. Evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence. Humana Press, 2012, 71-94.

• Knekt P, Laaksonen MA, Raitasalo R, Haaramo P, Lindfors O. Changes in lifestyle for psychiatric patients three years after the start of short- and long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and solution-focused therapy. Eur Psychiatry 2010; 25: 1-7.

• Knekt P, Lindfors O (eds.). A randomized trial of the effect of four forms of psychotherapy on depressive and anxiety disorders. Design, methods, and results on the effectiveness of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and solution-focused therapy during a one-year follow-up (PDF 1,03 MB). Helsinki: The Social Insurance Institution, Studies in social security and health 77, 2004.

• Knekt P, Lindfors O, Heinonen E, Maljanen T, Virtala E, Härkänen T. The effectiveness of three psychotherapies of different type and length in the treatment of patients suffering from anxiety disorders. In: Ochs M, Borcsa M, Schweitzer J (Eds.). Systemic Research in Individual, Couple, and Family Therapy and Counseling. European Family Association Series, Vol. 5. Cham: Springer International, 2020. 

• Knekt P, Lindfors O, Härkänen T, Välikoski M, Virtala E, Laaksonen MA, Marttunen M, Kaipainen M, Renlund C and the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study Group. Randomized trial on the effectiveness of long- and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and solution-focused therapy on psychiatric symptoms during a 3-year follow-up. Psychol Med 2008; 38: 689-703.

• Knekt P, Lindfors O, Keinänen M, Heinonen E, Virtala E, Härkänen T. The prediction of the level of personality organization on reduction of psychiatric symptoms, and improvement of work ability in short- vs. long-term psychotherapy during a 5-year follow-up. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 2017; 90: 353-376.

• Knekt P, Lindfors O, Laaksonen MA, Raitasalo R, Haaramo P, Järvikoski A, the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study Group. Effectiveness of short-term and long-term psychotherapy on work ability and functional capacity - A randomized clinical trial on depressive and anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord 2008; 107: 95-106.

• Knekt P, Lindfors O, Laaksonen MA, Renlund C, Haaramo C, Härkänen T, Virtala E, and the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study Group. Quasi-experimental study on the effectiveness of psychoanalysis, long-term and short-term psychotherapy on psychiatric symptoms, work ability and functional capacity during a 5-year follow-up. J Affect Disord 2011; 132: 37-47.

• Knekt P, Lindfors O, Renlund C, Laaksonen MA, Haaramo P, Virtala E. Use of auxiliary treatment during a 5-year follow-up among patients receiving short- or long-term therapy. J Affect Disord 2011; 135: 221-230.

• Knekt P, Lindfors O, Sares-Jäske L, Virtala E, Härkänen T. Randomized trial on the effectiveness of long- and short-term psychotherapy on psychiatric symptoms and working ability during a 5-year follow-up. Nord J Psychiatry 2013; 67: 59-68.

• Knekt P, Saari T, Lindfors O. Intelligence as a predictor of outcome in short- and long-term psychotherapy. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220: 1019-1027.

• Knekt P, Virtala E, Härkänen T, Vaarama M, Lehtonen J, Lindfors O. The outcome of short- and long-term psychotherapy 10 years after start of treatment. Psychological Medicine 2016; 46: 1175-1188.

• Kuzminskaite, E., Gathier, A., Cuijpers, P., Penninx, B., Ammerman, R. T., Brakemeier, E.-L., Bruijniks, S. Carletto, S., Chakrabarty, T., Douglas, K., Dunlop, B. W., Elsaesser, M. Euteneuer, F., Guhn, A., Handley, E. D., Heinonen, E., Huibers, M. J. H.; Jobst, A., Johnson, G. R., Klein, D. N., Kopf-Beck, J. Lemmens, L., Lu, X.-W., Mohamed, S., Nakagawa, A., Okada, S., Rief, R., Tozzi, L., Trivedi, M. H., van Bronswijk, S., van Oppen, P., Zisook, S., Zobel, I., Vinkers, C. H. (2022). Treatment efficacy and effectiveness in adults with major depressive disorder and childhood trauma history:  A comprehensive meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry, 9, 860-873. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00227-9

• Laaksonen MA, Knekt P, Sares-Jäske L, Lindfors O. Psychological predictors on the outcome of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and solution-focused therapy in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2013; 28: 117-124.

• Laaksonen MA, Knekt P, Lindfors O. Psychological predictors of the recovery from depression or anxiety disorder in short-term and long-term psychotherapy during a 3-year follow-up. Psychiatry Res 2013: 208; 162-171.

• Laaksonen MA, Lindfors O, Knekt P, Aalberg V. Suitability for Psychotherapy Scale (SPS) and its reliability, validity, and prediction. Br J Clin Psychol 2012; 51: 351-375.

• Laaksonen MA, Sirkiä C, Knekt P, Lindfors O. Self-reported immature defense style as a predictor of outcome in short-term and long-term psychotherapy. Brain Behav 2014; 4: 495-503.

• Lindfors O, Knekt P, Heinonen E, Virtala E.Self-concept and quality of object relations as predictors of outcome in short- and long-term psychotherapy. J Affect Disord 2014; 152-154: 202-211.

• Lindfors O, Knekt P, Heinonen E, Härkänen T, Virtala E, the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study Group. The effectiveness of short- and long-term psychotherapy on personality functioning during a 5-year follow-up. J Affect Disord 2015; 173: 31-38.

• Lindfors O, Knekt P, Lehtonen J, Virtala E, Maljanen T, Härkänen T. Effectiveness of psychoanalysis and long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy on personality and social functioning 10 years after start of treatment. Psychiatry Res 2019;272:774–783.

• Lindfors O, Knekt P, Virtala E, Haaramo P, Laaksonen MA. Concurrent validity of the Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS) in relation to proxy assessment of the theoretical scale constituents. Psychopathology 2013; 46: 111-119

• Lindfors O, Knekt P, Virtala E, Laaksonen MA. The effectiveness of solution-focused and short- and long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy on self-concept during a 3-year follow-up. J Nerv Ment Dis 2012; 200: 946-953.

• Lindfors O, Knekt P, Virtala E. Quality of object relations modifies the effectiveness of short- and long-term psychotherapy on self-concept. Open J Psychiatr 2013, 3: 345-350.

• Lindfors O, Ojanen S, Jääskeläinen T, Knekt P. Social support as a predictor of the outcome of depressive and anxiety disorder in short-term and long-term psychotherapy. Psychiatry Res 2014; 216: 44-51.

• Maljanen T, Tillman P, Härkänen T, Lindfors O, Laaksonen MA, Haaramo P, Knekt P. The cost-effectiveness of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and solution-focused therapy in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders during a one-year follow-up. J Ment Health Policy Econ 2012; 15: 13-23.

• Maljanen T, Härkänen T, Virtala E, Lindfors O, Tillman P, Knekt P. The cost-effectiveness of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and solution-focused therapy in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders during a three-year follow-up. Open J Psychiatr 2014; 4: 238-250.

• Maljanen T, Knekt P, Lindfors O, Virtala E, Tillman P, Härkänen T, the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study Group. The cost-effectiveness of short-term and long-term psychotherapy in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders during a 5-year follow-up. J Affect Dis 2015; 190: 254-263.

• Marttunen M, Välikoski M, Lindfors O, Laaksonen MA, Knekt P. Pretreatment clinical and psychosocial predictors of remission from depression after short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and solution-focused therapy: a 1-year follow-up study. Psychother Res 2008; 18: 191-199.

• Nieuwenhuijsen K, Faber B, Verbeek JH, Neumeyer-Gromen A, Hees HL, Verhoeven AC, van der Feltz-Cornelis CM, Bültmann U. Interventions to improve return to work in depressed people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Dec 3;12:CD006237

• Nissen-Lie, H., Heinonen, E., & Delgadillo, J., (2023). Therapist factors. In S. D. Miller, D. Chow, & S. Malins (Eds.), Field Guide to Better Results: Designing and Implementing an Individualized Deliberate Practice Plan (pp. 79-106). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000358-005

• Nissen-Lie, H. A., Oddli, H. W., & Heinonen, E. (2024). Do therapists differ in their general effectiveness? Therapist effects and their determinants. In F. T. L. Leong, J. L. Callahan, J. Zimmerman, M. J. Constantino, & C. F. Eubanks (Eds.), APA handbook of psychotherapy: Evidence-based practice, practice-based evidence, and contextual participant-driven practice (pp. 213–226). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000354-014

• Ollila P, Knekt P, Heinonen E, Lindfors O. Patients’ pre-treatment interpersonal problems as predictors of therapeutic alliance in long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. Psychiatry Res 2016; 30:110-117.

• Stenius, J., Heinonen, E., Knekt, P., Holma, J. & Lindfors, O., (2022). Ego Impairment Index (EII-2) as a predictor of outcome in short- and long-term psychotherapy during a five-year follow-up. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78, 1739-1751. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23332

• Stenius J, Lindfors O, Antikainen R, Wahlström J, Sares-Jäske L, Knekt P. Associations between the Rorschach Ego Impairment Index and measures on intrapsychic and interpersonal functioning. Open J Psychiatry 2018; 8: 1-19.

• Stenius J, Knekt P, Heinonen E, Holma J, Antikainen R. & Lindfors O. Predicting the Working Alliance Over the Course of Long-Term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy With the Rorschach Ego Impairment Index, Self-Reported Defense Style, and Performance-Based Intelligence: An Evaluation of Three Methodological Approaches. Psychoanalytic Psychology 2021; 38(1): 58-67. 

• Valkonen J, Hänninen V, Lindfors O. Outcomes of psychotherapy from the perspective of the users. Psychother Res 2011; 2: 227-240.

• Valkonen H, Lindfors O, Laaksonen MA, Knekt P. Association between the Rorschach Ego Impairment Index (EII-2) and the Level of Personality Organization. Psychiatr Res 2012; 200: 849-856.

Publications in Finnish

• Happo H, Wahlström J, Lindfors O. Mitä psykoterapiassa opitaan? Kokemuksia lyhyestä psykodynaamisesta psykoterapiasta ja voimavarasuuntautuneesta terapiasta. [What is to be learned in psychotherapy? Experiences from short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and solution-focused therapy]. Psykologia 2014; 5: 339-369.

• Heinonen, E., Selinheimo, S., Sarvasmaa, S., Paunio, T., & Lindfors, O. (2022). Psykoterapiat. Teoksessa I. Autti-Rämö, A. Ylinen, A.-L. Salminen, & M. Rajavaara (toim.), Kuntoutuminen (2. painos). Helsinki: Duodecim.

• Heinonen, E. (2018). Mihin psykoterapian vaikuttavuustutkimusta tarvitaan? Psykoanalyyttinen Psykoterapia, 14, 44-47.

• Heinonen, E. (2019, September). Mitä psykoterapian tutkimus tarjoaa kliinikolle? Psykologi, 3. 

• Hirvas S. Depressiivisyys ja minäkäsitys. Metodologinen tutkimus strukturoidun minäkäsityskyselyn (SASB) ja Beckin depressiokyselyn (BDI) välisistä suhteista. [Depressiveness and self-concept. a methodological study on the relationships between Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) self-concept scale and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).] . Helsinki: The Social Insurance Institution, Finland, Studies in social security and health 53, 2000.

• Junttila O, Härkäpää K, Lindfors O, Järvikoski A. Psykoterapia ja opiskelukyvyn muutos [Psychotherapy and changes in the ability to study]. Kuntoutus 2012; 1: 43-57.

• Knekt P. Psykoterapian tuloksellisuus: Helsingin Psykoterapiaprojekti [Effectiveness of Psychotherapy: The Helsinki Psychotherapy Study]. In: Psykoterapia. Konsensuskokous 2006. [Consensus Panel on Psychotherapy] Academy of Finland and The Finnish Medical Society Duodecim, Helsinki 2006; 49-58.

• Knekt P. Psykoterapiatutkimus: Lyhytterapia vähentää nopeasti oireita mutta parantaa alle puolet potilaista [Helsinki Psychotherapy Study: Short-term therapy reduces rapidly symptoms but cures less than half of the patients]. Sosiaalivakuutus 2004; 3: 28-29.

• Knekt P, Laaksonen M, Lindfors O. Lyhyen ja pitkän psykoterapian riittävyys masennus- ja ahdistuneisuushäiriön hoidossa [Sufficiency of short- and long-term psychotherapy in the treatment or depressive and anxiety disorders]. Psykoterapia. 2006; 25: 251-259.

• Knekt P, Laaksonen M, Lindfors O. Psykodynaamisen psykoterapian vaikuttavuus masennus- ja ahdistuneisuushäiriöissä [The effectiveness of psychodynamic psychotherapies in depressive and anxiety disorders]. Psykoanalyyttinen Psykoterapia 2006; 3: 42-47.

• Knekt P, Laaksonen M, Lindfors O ja Helsingin Psykoterapiaprojekti: Hoidollisia haasteita sekä lyhyelle että pitkälle terapialle [The Helsinki Psychotherapy Study: treatment challenges for short- and long-term psychotherapy]. Sosiaalivakuutus 2006; 2: 20-22.

• Knekt P, Lindfors O. Psykoterapiaprojekti: Lyhytterapioiden vaikutusten arvioinnissa tarvitaan pitkää seurantaa [Helsinki Psychotherapy Study: long follow-up is needed in the assessment of the effectiveness of short-term therapies]. Sosiaalivakuutus 2004: 17-18.

• Knekt P, Lindfors O, Laaksonen M. Helsingin Psykoterapiatutkimus - psykoterapioiden vaikuttavuus viiden vuoden seurannassa. [Helsinki Psychotherapy Study - Effectiveness of psychotherapies during a 5-year follow-up]. Helsinki: National Institute of Health and Welfare (THL), report 33/2010.

• Knekt P, Lindfors O, Sares-Jäske L, Laaksonen M. Psykoterapioiden vaikuttavuus masennukseen pitkissä seurannoissa. [The effectiveness of psychotherapy on depression in the long term] Duodecim 2012; 128: 267-274.

• Knekt P, Lindfors O, Vaarama M. Psykoterapia pitää kohdentaa paremmin [Psychotherapy needs to be allocated more efficiently]. Suomen Lääkärilehti 2014; 41: 2608-2609.

• Korhonen E, Lindfors O, Knekt P. Sosiaalisen tuen vaikutus työ- ja toimintakykyyn lyhyessä ja pitkässä psykoterapiassa [Social support as a predictor work ability and functional capacity in short- and long-term psychotherapy. Psykologia 2020; 55: 337-401.

• Lindfors, O., & Heinonen, E. (2019). Psykodynaamisen psykoterapian vaikuttavuus. Suomen Lääkärilehti, 74, 739-745.

• Lindfors O. Psykoterapian resurssit osuvaan käyttöön [Toward tailored use of psychotherapy resources] Duodecim 2015; 131: 305-306.

• Lindfors O. Käypä hoito ja psykodynaamiset psykoterapiat – näyttöä on, näyttöä puuttuu [Practice guidelines and psychodynamic psychotherapies – there is evidence and there is lack of evidence]. Psykoanalyyttinen Psykoterapia 2015; 11: 92-96.

• Lindfors O, Laaksonen M, Knekt P. Psykoterapian tarpeen ja soveltuvuuden arviointi haastattelumenetelmällä. [Assessment of the need and suitability of psychotherapy by means of clinical interview]. Psykoterapia 2016; 35: 3-19.

• Raitasalo R, Knekt P, Kaarento K, Laine H, Lindfors O. Koherenssi-käsitys ja epäkypsät defenssit [The Sense of Coherence and Immature Defenses]. Psykologia 2005; 2: 164-172.

• Valkonen J, Ehrling L, Lindfors O ja Helsingin Psykoterapiaprojektin tutkijaryhmä. Psykoterapian merkitykset ja haastattelukontekstit - katsaus laadulliseen tutkimukseen Helsingin Psykoterapiaprojektissa [Meanings of psychotherapy and contexts of interview - a review of qualitative research in the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study]. Psykoterapia 2006; 25: 45-59.

• Valkonen J, Hänninen V, Lindfors O. Maskuliinisuus miesten masennustarinoissa. [Masculinity in men's narratives of depression ]. Psykologia 2012; 47(4): 266-278.

• Valkonen J, Lindfors O. Perinteinen maskuliinisuus miesten psykoterapian haasteena. [Traditional masculinity as a challenge to psychotherapy]. Psykoterapia 2012; 31(4): 330–347.

• Vehviläinen S, Ehrling L, Peräkylä A, Lindfors O ja Helsingin Psykoterapiaprojektin tutkijaryhmä. Diagnostinen seurantahaastattelu vuorovaikutuksena [Diagnostic follow-up interview as a form of interaction]. Psykologia 2007; 42: 332-349.

• Vehviläinen S, Lindfors O. Itsereflektio ja kohentunut vointi haastattelupuheessa [Self-reflection and reports of improved condition in interview talk]. Aikuiskasvatus 2005; 3: 191-202.